Journal: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR

Article Title: A piperazidine derivative of 23-hydroxy betulinic acid induces a mitochondria-derived ROS burst to trigger apoptotic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

doi: 10.1186/s13046-016-0457-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: ρ0 HepG2 cells were less sensitive to B5G9 treatment. a Mitochondrial complex activities of wt HepG2 or ρ0 HepG2 were detected by related assay kits, *** P ≤ 0.001. b ATP production of ρ0 HepG2 cells was significantly decreased in the present of 2-DG. After being treated with 2-DG (2 mM) for 2 h, ATP level of wt HepG2 or ρ0 HepG2 was measured by a CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Assay, *** P ≤ 0.001. c ρ0 HepG2 had a lower ATP synthetase activity than wt HepG2. The ATP synthetase activity of wt HepG2 treated in the present or absent of oligomycin (6 μM) and ρ0 HepG2 was measured by a cayman ATP synthetase activity kit, ** P ≤ 0.01. d ρ0 HepG2 cells had no significant change in mitoSOX red fluorescence after B5G9 treatment, original magnifications : 630 ×; scale bar: 10 μm. e ρ0 HepG2 cells were less sensitive to B5G9 treatment. Being treated with various concentrations of B5G9 for 12 h, cell viability was measured by MTT assay. * P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001

Article Snippet: The ATP synthetase activity of wt HepG2 treated in the present or absent of oligomycin (6 μM) and ρ0 HepG2 was measured by a cayman ATP synthetase activity kit, ** P ≤ 0.01. d ρ0 HepG2 cells had no significant change in mitoSOX red fluorescence after B5G9 treatment, original magnifications : 630 ×; scale bar: 10 μm. e ρ0 HepG2 cells were less sensitive to B5G9 treatment.

Techniques: Luminescence Assay, Activity Assay, Fluorescence, MTT Assay

Journal: The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Article Title: Peptide Bond Synthesis by a Mechanism Involving an Enzymatic Reaction and a Subsequent Chemical Reaction *

doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.700989

Figure Lengend Snippet: Stoichiometry analysis of the d-Ala-l-Cys synthetic reaction of DltA. ATP (●); AMP (○); and d-Ala-l-Cys (♦). The methods used for analysis of the reactant and products are described under “Experimental Procedures.” All data points represent the mean values ± standard deviation for three experiments.

Article Snippet: ATP and AMP were purchased from Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan).

Techniques: Standard Deviation